ABSTRACT
SESSION TITLE: Using Imaging for Diagnosis Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: The vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 have been shown to be safe and effective at preventing severe disease and death. In a phase 3 trial the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine showed a 52% and 95% efficacy after the first and second doses, respectively (1). Side effects following vaccination are common but are typically mild and self limited (2). The most common side effects are headache, fever, fatigue, arthralgias and pain at the injection site (2). More severe and devastating side effects have been reported including cerebral venous thrombosis and myocarditis (3) (4). Here we report a case of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis following the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 56 year old female with a past medical history of reactive airways disease and hypertension who was seen in the pulmonology clinic shortly after receiving her second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. After her second dose she developed burning shoulder pain, erythema and swelling that extended to the neck and axilla. She went to an urgent care and was advised to treat with ice and NSAIDs, she had a chest radiograph performed which was reported to be negative. Her symptoms persisted and she was sent to the emergency room, chest x-ray showed interval development of an elevated left hemidiaphragm. A CT Chest with inspiratory and expiratory films was performed and the left diaphragm was noted to be in the same location during inspiration and expiration consistent with diaphragmatic paralysis. PFT showed a reduction in her FVC, TLC and DLCO compared to 13 years prior. DISCUSSION: Diaphragmatic paralysis is a well described clinical entity that is most often associated with cardiothoracic surgery where hypothermia and local ice slush application are thought to induce phrenic nerve injury (5). It has also been described as a complication of viral infections, including a recent report of unilateral diaphragm paralysis in a patient with acute COVID-19 infection (6). In a case series of 246 patients with amyotrophic neuralgia which can include diaphragm paralysis, 5 patients received a vaccine in the week before developing symptoms (8) Additionally, Crespo Burrilio et al recently described a case of amyotrophic neuralgia and unilateral diaphragm paralysis following administration of the Vaxzevri (AstraZeneca) COVID-19 vaccine (7). This case highlights a potential side effect of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine that has not been previously reported CONCLUSIONS: Reference #1: Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:2603–2615. Reference #2: Menni, C., Klaser, K., May, A., Polidori, L., Capdevila, J., Louca, P., Sudre, C. H., Nguyen, L. H., Drew, D. A., Merino, J., Hu, C., Selvachandran, S., Antonelli, M., Murray, B., Canas, L. S., Molteni, E., Graham, M. S., Modat, M., Joshi, A. D., Mangino, M., … Spector, T. D. (2021). Vaccine side-effects and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in users of the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK: a prospective observational study. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 21(7), 939–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00224-3 Reference #3: Jaiswal V, Nepal G, Dijamco P, et al. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review. J Prim Care Community Health. 2022;13:21501319221074450. doi:10.1177/21501319221074450 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Jack Mann No relevant relationships by John Prudenti
ABSTRACT
SESSION TITLE: Anatomical Cardiovascular Disease Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Scimitar Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia and displacement of the cardiac structures into the right hemi-thorax (1) The name Scimitar Syndrome is derived from the resemblance of the anomalous pulmonary vein to a curved Middle Eastern sword known as a scimitar (1). Some patients experience no symptoms while others may have severe pulmonary hypertension and dyspnea (2) (3). Cases may be discovered in infancy although some patients are not diagnosed until early adulthood. Here we present a case of a woman who was discovered to have symptomatic scimitar syndrome in her teenage years and opted to forego correction. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient was a 38 year old female with past medical history of Scimitar Syndrome who presented to the pulmonary clinic after a short hospitalization with mild COVID-19. Prior to contracting COVID-19 she had experienced worsening dyspnea over one year and now becomes short of breath after walking one half block. Open surgical correction was offered at diagnosis but was not pursued due to patient preference. A CT Angiogram of the chest was performed while she was hospitalized which showed an anomalous right pulmonary vein draining to the hepatic IVC, minimal bilateral patchy opacities and displacement of the heart into the right hemi-thorax. Echocardiography showed normal right ventricular size and function and did not show evidence of pulmonary hypertension. She was referred to the adult congenital heart disease clinic and continued to have severe dyspnea and fatigue. 6 months later, repeat echocardiography and cardiac MRI demonstrated borderline dilation of the right ventricle and atrium but no echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. The patient remains hesitant to undergo invasive procedures or interventions. She has been offered a right heart catheterization to better characterize her volume status and obtain direct measurement of her pulmonary artery pressures. DISCUSSION: Although generally discovered in infancy and childhood, Scimitar syndrome may not be discovered until adulthood. Various treatments are available for correction of scimitar syndrome including open surgical approaches with direct implantation of the scimitar vein into the left atrium, trans-catheter occlusion of aorto-pulmonary collaterals and re-routing of the anomalous vein into the left atrium via endoscopic graft placement (4) (6) (7) (8). If left uncorrected worsening left to right shunting and pulmonary hypertension may occur (5). Our patient has developed borderline right ventricular dilation and has experienced severe functional limitation. A right heart catheterization is indicated to determine her pulmonary artery pressures. This case illustrates the potential consequences of deferring early treatment for Scimitar Syndrome CONCLUSIONS:. Reference #1: Frydrychowicz A, Landgraf B, Wieben O, François CJ. Images in Cardiovascular Medicine. Scimitar syndrome: added value by isotropic flow-sensitive four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with PC-VIPR (phase-contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction). Circulation. 2010 Jun 15;121(23):e434-6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.931857. PMID: 20547935 Reference #2: Abdullah A. Alghamdi, Mansour Al-Mutairi, Fahad Alhabshan, Scimitar syndrome: restoration of native pulmonary venous connection, European Heart Journal Supplements, Volume 16, Issue suppl_B, November 2014, Pages B41–B43, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suu025 Reference #3: Khan A, Ring NJ, Hughes PD. Scimitar syndrome (congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome). Postgrad Med J. 2005 Apr;81(954):216. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.027813. PMID: 15811882;PMCID: PMC1743239 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by John Prudenti No relevant relationships by Anthony Smith